Obesity has not only increased in the United States but also seems to have increased in virtually every country where detailed data are available ( Caballero, 2007). ( Ogden et al., 2008) and some other populations, there is no sign of any decreases in U.S. Although recent evidence suggests that the prevalence of obesity may have begun to asymptote within some segments of the U.S. Within the United States, this increase has occurred in every age, race, sex and socioeconomic group.
Although there seems to have been an accelerated rate of increase somewhere around 1980, at least in the United States ( Baskin et al., 2005 Ogden et al., 2007), evidence suggests that obesity has been increasing in prevalence for over one hundred years ( Helmchen & Henderson, 2004). The prevalence of obesity has increased substantially since the mid-20 th century. Considering the role of such putative etiological factors of obesity may lead to comprehensive, cause specific, and effective strategies for prevention and treatment of this global epidemic. While the evidence is strong for some contributors such as pharmaceutical-induced weight gain, it is still emerging for other reviewed factors. Evidence for microorganisms, epigenetics, increasing maternal age, greater fecundity among people with higher adiposity, assortative mating, sleep debt, endocrine disruptors, pharmaceutical iatrogenesis, reduction in variability of ambient temperatures, and intrauterine and intergenerational effects, as contributing factors to the obesity epidemic are reviewed herein. While both may contribute to obesity, we call attention to their unquestioned dominance in program funding and public efforts to reduce obesity, and propose several alternative putative contributors that would benefit from equal consideration and attention. Marketing practices of energy-dense foods and institutionally-driven declines in physical activity are the alleged perpetrators for the epidemic, despite a lack of solid evidence to demonstrate their causal role. The obesity epidemic is a global issue and shows no signs of abating, while the cause of this epidemic remains unclear.
0 kommentar(er)
